NOT “NEW” AT ALL, THE IMPERIALISM WE KNOW![*]

“Evil may win, but it cannot prevail!”[1] The piracy directed at President Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela has proven-and as Elon Musk noted, “W...

“Evil may win,

but it cannot prevail!”[1]

The piracy directed at President Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela has proven-and as Elon Musk noted, “We can stage a coup whenever we want! Get used to it!”[2]-that we are facing an imperialist frenzy to which V. I. Lenin referred as the highest stage of capitalism.[3]

The United States, whose global hegemonic power is being debated for some time, has once again shown its bloody claws. Displaying signs of return to its classical interventionism in Latin America, the U.S. is on the offensive on multiple fronts-from the Indo-Pacific to Central Asia, from the Middle East to Southeast Europe.

When we examine the political economy of this aggression, the picture that emerges offers striking data about the causes of American aggressiveness; let us cite Sam-Kee Cheng:

“In the 1940s, the U.S. accounted for 50 percent of the world economy. At that time, although it made up only 6.3 percent of the world’s population, possessing half of the world’s wealth gave it tremendous superiority. As the only power using nuclear weapons, it shaped the post-war international order through the impact of its military, political, and economic ‘might.’”

Despite the turbulence of the 1970s, American dominance continued uninterrupted to the present. Benefiting from emerging “victorious” from the Cold War, it assumed the role of the gendarme of a “unipolar” world from 1990s to 2010s.

However, the neo-liberal global “golden age” of the U.S. also had a shelf life-and so it proved. Because of the structural crisis of capitalism in 2008, the rise of actors such as China, and the awakening of Russia and the “global South,” U.S. dominance entered turbulence. Today, the U.S. controls only about 16–18 percent of the world economy.

This situation constitutes a tremendous threat for the U.S.; in order to confront this threat, a new version of the intervention carried out in Panama in 1989 has been launched against Maduro.

American imperialism, which has bared its bloody claws in Southeast Europe, the Pacific, and Latin America, seeks to compensate for its loss of hegemony through military, economic, and trade interventions. One of the indispensable conditions for this is the reacquisition of economic power.

Trump’s initiation of trade wars and his efforts to seize rare earth elements across the globe are all related to the attempt to regain this economic power.

Capitalist competition has now reached the point of redistributing already divided territories.Hence,  claims on Greenland, Canada, and the Panama Canal are not coincidental.

At this stage of capitalism, as contradictions among imperialist powers sharpen, the competition for a new distribution intensifies. Along with the deepening crisis of the global neo-liberal capitalist system, new orientations of imperialism are manifesting in different forms.

As Michael Beckley from Foreign Affairs puts it:
“For centuries, the rise and fall of great powers have led to the bloodiest wars in history. In the last 250 years, there have been at least ten cases (wars) in which a rising power confronted a ruling power. Seven ended in slaughter. The selection of cases may be debated, but the basic pattern is clear: rising powers have led to catastrophic wars roughly once in every generation.”

In short, the basis of the U.S.’s increasing aggressiveness lies in ist hegemonic overstretch.[4] While this must be carefully underlined, it should not be forgotten that what is happening also confirms Antonio Gramsci’s observation-“The old world is dying and the new struggles to be born; now is the time of monsters”-and José Saramago’s assessment: “The workings of the world are no longer a complete mystery; the arms of evil are plainly visible, and there are no gloves left that can hide the bloodstains on the hands that wield them.”

Even the report ‘BWI-at-80’ prepared for the World Bank and IMF begins by admitting, in Gramsci’s words, that we are passing through a period in which capitalism has become monstrous.

This means that the dystopian nightmare produced by unrestrained imperialist aggression surrounds humanity on all sides. Non-sustainable capitalism constantly generating problems, is turning into a apparatus of total destruction.

This, of course, is nothing new: did President George W. Bush not signal, nine days after September 11, that the 21st century would be shaped by U.S. aggression?

And he put this into practice with the occupations of Afghanistan and Iraq. Then came Libya, Syria, and Iran-and Latin America: Venezuela, Cuba, Nicaragua…

“These countries face economic sanctions and embargoes, destruction, covert operations, and threats of war. The definition of imperialism is simple: if you do not do what we want, we destroy you.”[5]

In truth, U.S. imperialism is “returning” to the Monroe Doctrine designed in the second half of the 19th century, when its hegemony was rising.

Towards the tnd of the first quarter of the 21st century, the ‘National Security Strategy’ (NSS) declares Latin America the U.S.’s natural sphere of dominance economically, politically, and militarily.

Venezuela’s Ambassador to Ankara, José Gregorio Bracho Reyes, is not exaggerating when he says: “U.S. imperialism will of course seek different ways to destroy Venezuela’s independent government. Both to seize public oil revenues and to subordinate the country. But the issue is not only this. Beyond Venezuela, the U.S. wants to be the sole power in Latin America.”[6]

Because Trump’s chief adviser Stephen Miller was saying: “We are a superpower, and under President Trump we will act like a superpower”… “The world is governed by force, and that by power.”[7]

In short, the truth Simón Bolívar urged us to confront-“As for the United States, the more I know them, the more convinced I am that they are the natural enemies of America”-is nothing other than an updated version of classical imperialism. This is not only about geopolitical control; it is a claim of domination over political subjectivity-sovereignty-what Korkut Boratav describes as the “aggressiveness of decaying imperialism.”[8]

Then, without hesitation, we must loudly proclaim Che Guevara’s words: “The U.S. is the strongest enemy of the peoples of the world.” “The cruelty of imperialism is a cruelty that knows no limits or national boundaries. The atrocities of the U.S. are equivalent to those of Hitler’s armies”…

And those of Fidel Castro: “American imperialism is the main source of injustice in the world.” “The history of the U.S. is a history of intervention, occupation, and domination”…

And those of Kim Il Sung: “U.S. imperialism, whether yesterday’s or today’s, is inherently aggressive without exception”…

And those of Hugo Chávez: “Imperialism is a system that must be destroyed because it is the source of the suffering of our peoples”…

Above all, Eduardo Galeano’s assessment: “Whenever the U.S. ‘liberates’ a people, it turns their land into either a madhouse or a cemetery.”[9]

There is no other choice: imperialism, eyeing Canada’s water and timber, Greenland’s rare earth elements, Ukraine’s lithium and titanium, and the oil resources of Venezuela and Nigeria, is outright plunder and piracy.

With its lawlessness, disregard for legality, lies, and deception, it attacks from all sides as in Venezuela. It recognizes no limits to barbarity.

Once, “democracy” was the makeup hiding its barbarity. Now it is no longer needed.

What was once “exporting civilization” later became “democracy,” and then “the war on drugs.” But whatever guise it takes, blood continues to flow from the severed arteries not only of Latin America but of the entire globe.

However, what has been experienced during Trump’s second presidential term offers important lessons in terms of fascism and the possibilities of resistance. Despite everything, the words of Sait Faik-“The world has remedies. People will find a remedy for the world”-and Salvador Allende-“History is ours and is made by the people”-must not be forgotten.

THE FACTOR OF THE THIRD GREAT DEPRESSION AND…

“Well then, why is all this happening”?!

With capitalism transforming from “creative destruction” into monopolistic “total destruction,” “Capital increasingly uses militarism to implement external and colonial policies in order to seize the means of production and labor power of non-capitalist countries and societies. The same militarism functions similarly within capitalist countries, diverting purchasing power away from non-capitalist strata. Small producers and the working class are affected in the same way. At their expense-by stealing the productive power of one and lowering the living standards of the other-capital accumulation is raised to its highest level. Needless to say, after a certain stage, the conditions for accumulation both domestically and abroad turn into their opposite-becoming the conditions for the decline of capitalism.

The more ruthlessly capital proceeds to destroy non-capitalist strata both at home and abroad, the more it lowers the general standard of living of workers; the greater the change in the daily history of capital. This situation turns into a series of political and social disasters and upheavals, and under these conditions, in a process interrupted by periodic economic catastrophes or crises, accumulation can no longer continue.”[10]

The current situation is embodied in the continued slowdown of the world economy as it enters 2026 on the verge of recession (3 percent).

The U.S. economy is also entering 2026 in fragile conditions and excessively dependent on technology-oriented dynamics. The world economy stands at the threshold of recession. This picture shows that systemic risks continue to increase both in financial markets and in the real economy.[11]
On the other side of the coin, we see economic fragility increasingly acquiring political and military dimensions.

Just as in late 19th-century Europe, themes of “invasion and resistance” (“the great replacement,” “migrant invasion”) are rising in cultural and political discourse. Today, fascist ideologies are resuscitated precisely at this point.

While 2026 brings a world in which fragile economic and militaristic tendencies intertwine with fascist scenarios;[12] Thomas Mann’s prophecy voiced in 1940-“Let me tell you the truth: if fascism comes to the United States, it will come in the name of freedom”-becomes a reality with Trump!

Yes, now is the time to embrace Fidel Castro’s words-“If humanity does not remain vigilant against fascism, it will reproduce itself everywhere”-and Buenaventura Durruti’s: “No government fights fascism to destroy it.”

Ultimately, it is essential to say “Stop” to all forms and consequences of colonialism that led Christopher Columbus in 1495 to enslave 550 Native Americans, load them onto ships to sell, cause 200 chained people to die aboard, and drive 50,000 to suicide to avoid enslavement-or that made Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Douglas Smith say: “I think colonialism was a wonderful thing. It spread civilization to Africa. Before that they had no written languages, wheels as we know them, schools, hospitals, or even normal clothing.”

Because, as Charles Bukowski said, “Slavery was never abolished; it was only extended to include all colors,” and Che Guevara added: “Hatred of imperialism turns people into revolutionaries.”

As is well known: the wave of attacks against Venezuela and Latin America can be repelled. This could also be the beginning of a new period of anti-imperialist upsurge.

Of course, by embracing the revolutionary legacy of Lenin, Martí, Bolívar, Che, and Fidel, and by creating new Vietnams.

This is not easy, and has never been. But remembering Ho Chi Minh’s words will sufficiently illuminate the issue: “There is nothing to fear from U.S. imperialists, no matter how modern their weapons are. A united and relentlessly fighting people is in an excellent position to defeat them.”

USA: AGGRESSIVE DESTRUCTION

For a century, the diplomacy synonymous with U.S. aggression-“Gunboat Policy”-has never changed…

Even reminding a few data regarding U.S. aggression, to which Fidel Castro responded, “The only thing we dislike is being threatened,” would reveal what is what and how.

Since the mid-19th century, the U.S. has had a tradition of direct or indirect intervention in Latin American and Caribbean countries to protect its economic and geopolitical interests; even if this “tradition” has led to the perishment of thousands of Latin Americans at the hands of the U.S. army![13]

MEXICO	Mexico is one of the countries that suffered the most. Due to the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), Mexico lost 55 percent of its territory, while Washington gained control of a strategically rich region that enabled it to become a global economic power; it conquered Mexico’s western lands, gaining access to two oceans. About 25,000 Mexicans died in this war of expansion. Decades later, Mexico had to endure the occupation of Veracruz in 1914, where 300 Mexican soldiers, students, and civilians were killed by the U.S. army.
NICARAGUA AND HONDURAS	Undoubtedly, the countries most frequently attacked by the U.S. were those of the Gulf of Mexico. Continuous occupations in Nicaragua (1853, 1854, 1909, 1912–1933), the killing of thousands of civilians, and Washington’s imposition of the dictatorship of the Somoza family-one of the most brutal leaders in the continent’s history-are no surprise. Honduras likewise had to experience U.S. occupations many times: in 1903, 1907, 1911, 1912, 1919, and 1924, a dark history was created in which civilians were targeted to protect the interests of banana companies.
PANAMA	Panama is another country where U.S. troops landed many times. Between 1903 and 1914, the U.S. army repeatedly intervened to build and control the Panama Canal, which today’s Trump government also values. In addition to these interventions, in 1989 American troops conducted an operation to overthrow the brutal dictator and CIA-linked Noriega, whose relations with the U.S. had deteriorated. The U.S. occupation caused the deaths of more than 3,000 Panamanians.
CUBA	Caribbean countries were also of special interest to the U.S. Between 1898 and 1902, Cuba (and Puerto Rico) was occupied as part of the U.S. war against Spain. Then there were two separate eight-year interventions (1906–1909 and 1917–1922), followed in 1961 by the financing of the Bay of Pigs invasion to overthrow Fidel Castro’s newly established revolutionary government. Even today, Washington continues heavy interventions against Havana, including economic and trade embargoes, and was condemned by the international community for this just a few days ago.
HAITI	Haiti, similarly a formerly enslaved people who achieved final freedom, was occupied by the U.S. in different times: 1915–1934, 1994–1995, and 2004. Currently, the U.S. finances an international police force to control the country, but has not yet been able to prevent escalating gang violence.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC	American ships also landed on Haiti’s borders: the Dominican Republic was occupied twice. Between 1916–1924 and in 1965, U.S. interventions resulted in the deaths of 4,000 Dominicans, and many more were killed during the Trujillo dictatorship supported by Washington. Grenada was another country subjected to invasion by the “Northern Army” in 1983; about 100 Grenadians and Cubans were killed.
SOUTH AMERICA	The American strategy in South America was different. Throughout the 19th century, the U.S. carried out various interventions to demonstrate its growing military power. In 1831 to Argentina, in 1859 to Paraguay, and three times to Uruguay (1855, 1858, and 1868), American ships conducted military interventions that led to massacres; numbers of victims still unknown. The reality is that in the 20th century Washington directly supported dictatorships in South America and backed interventions against governments deemed contrary to its interests. It supported dictatorships in almost all countries of the region; Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Bolivia (and some Central American countries), as well as Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, where it supported anti-communist governments that committed human rights violations, killing thousands of people. According to some historians, U.S. occupations in Latin America and the Caribbean directly caused the deaths of more than 65,000 people, both military and civilians. However, these figures do not include the deaths and disappearances caused by 20th-century military dictators, and it is known that tens of thousands more were tortured and killed for this reason. If the American army attacks Venezuela, it will not be a surprise from the historical perspective of the continent. From the beginning of the imperialist project, Washington consolidated its global geopolitical power in Latin America and the Caribbean. According to U.S. President James Monroe, this region is vital for the country’s geo-economic and military power.

For example, Trump, who accelerated the imperialist aggression in the Caribbean, has now set his eyes on oil- and rare-element-rich Nigeria.[14] He gave instructions to prepare for military intervention, claiming “There is genocide against Christians.”

Venezuela, within the framework of the Monroe/Donroe doctrine, is only a subheading. Oil deposits do not mean that “Donroe” is oil-centered. This “new” doctrine also includes other Latin American countries, Canada, and Greenland.

During his visit to Panama, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio also claimed that an agreement had been reached allowing U.S.-flagged ships to pass through the Panama Canal free of charge and that the rights to the ports on both sides of the canal, operated by a Hong Kong firm, would be taken from a Chinese company.[15] The President of Panama, however, described the claim about the free passage of U.S. ships as “an unacceptable isinformation,” although he agreed not to continue agreements with China![16]

From whatever angle one looks, the aggressive policies described by Harrison Ford-“Trump has no policies, only whims. That scares me a lot. He is an instrument of the status quo, and while the world turns into hell he is making a lot of money”-are recorded in the ‘2025 National Security Strategy’ (NSS); they point not only to U.S. foreign policy but also to a historical rupture in the global evolution of capitalism.

The emphasis on determinations linked to U.S. interests in the evaluations contained in the “national security strategy” document published by the Trump administration is consistent with the nature of imperialism and relations among imperialist powers.

Additionally, Trump’s continued issuance of unconstitutional decrees shows that liberal democracy is also dead.[17] Just as Angela Yvonne Davis expressed: “I cannot understand how Americans can call a land where so much slavery existed a land of freedom.”

Namely: i) American fascism conceives the U.S. not as a democracy but as a racist republic based on white Christian supremacy. The “founding fathers” also had slaves. ii) Today, fascism believes that with the development of the “civil rights movement,” the once-possible “thing” was destroyed, and that to restore it, democracy must be abandoned through an “absolutist” presidential system.

American fascism wants to strengthen the nation-state internally by centralizing it under white/male Christian (ethnic and religious) dominance, while American imperialism externally seeks to impose ethnic and sectarian fragmentation as a “natural solution.” This project is now seeking its collaborators-and they, their “useful idiots.”[18]

ANTI-IMPERIALIST STRUGGLE

One thing is certain: accompanied by Ricardo Flores Magón’s emphasis-“The real rulers are the capitalists; rulers, whether president or king, are nothing but watchdogs of capital”-and evoking Noam Chomsky’s description, “We are heading toward the most dangerous period in human history,” imperialism is nothing but aggressive destruction, and cannot be otherwise!

Therefore, V. I. Lenin’s words: “The whole history of capital is a history of violence, plunder, blood, and corruption.”[19] “The enthusiasm of humanity cannot be broken by imperialist massacre. Humanity will defeat it”…[20]

Nikos Mottas’s: “What is called international law has always been a secondary product of imperialist relations; tolerated only insofar as it served monopolistic interests, and discarded the moment it ceased to fulfill this function”…

Che Guevara’s: “…We must not allow the word ‘democracy’ to be used as an excuse to cover the dictatorship of the exploiting classes.” “Hatred of imperialism makes a person an effective, violent, and selective fighter.” “Our enemy and the enemy of all America is the monopolistic government of the U.S.” “Imperialism must be defeated in every corner of the world.” “We must not allow these difficult times to extinguish the warmth in our hearts”…

Charles Bukowski’s: “All that nonsense about democracy and the opportunities they offer was only to prevent the burning of the palaces”…

Bernadette Devlin’s: “We were born into an unjust system; we are not prepared to grow old in it”…

Karl Marx’s: “If conquest is the natural right of a minority, then it is enough for the majority to gather sufficient strength to regain what has been taken from them.” “We shall all see how England’s ‘civilizing war’ against China will eventually backfire.”[21] “Under no pretext should arms and ammunition be surrendered; any attempt to disarm the workers must be frustrated, by force if necessary”…

Malcolm X’s: “You cannot obtain freedom by peaceful means. No one who deprives you of your freedom deserves a peaceful approach.” “Abandon that sweet-talking conciliatory attitude. Tell them your real feelings. If they are not ready to clean their house, tell them the house should not exist, that it should burn.” “As long as the U.S. is against you, you will know you are a good man and on the right path.” “I see America through the eyes of the victim. I do not see the American dream; I see the American nightmare.” “America is not a democracy, it is a hypocrisy”…

Hugo Chávez’s: “The greatest destroyer and the greatest threat in the world is U.S. imperialism.” “Let the dogs of the empire bark-that is their job; our job is to fight to secure the true freedom of our people.” “The U.S. is the greatest threat to peace in the world.” “Let us save humanity; let us end the U.S. empire”…

Mao Zedong’s: “If the monopolistic capitalist groups in the U.S. continue their policies of aggression and war, one day the peoples of the world will hang them all”…

Kim Il Sung’s: “Wherever the arms of U.S. imperialist aggression reach, revolutionary struggle against it must be carried out fiercely”…

Martin Luther King Jr.’s: “Freedom is never voluntarily imparted by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed”…

John Steinbeck’s: “A truth shouted from every page of history: repression only serves to strengthen and unite those under it,”[22]

and William Edward Burghardt Du Bois’s warning: “The cost of freedom is lower than the cost of oppression,” must all be transformed into anti-capitalist action.

Because on the path opened by the October Revolution, the era of proletarian revolutions is still in force; the motor of history is class struggle, and the subject of revolution remains the working class and its party.

The “Crisis of Civilization” is knotted in the leadership crisis of the working class.

The disasters caused by unsustainable capitalism, embodied in the Third Great Depression, are the ground not only of barbarism but also of revolutions!

For all these reasons, with the foresight that “Without mud there is no lotus. The most beautiful flower grows in mud. Our worst moments can be the seeds of our best moments. They have incredible power to transform us,”[23] the Leninist idea of the “Actuality of Revolution” must be revived.

And this through a revolutionary anti-imperialist struggle inspired by Ernesto Che Guevara, remembering and socializing Rosa Luxemburg’s words-“History is the only true teacher, and revolution the best school for the proletariat.” “Before a revolution occurs, it is perceived as impossible; after it happens, it is seen as inevitable”-and Friedrich Engels’s assessments: “The greatest mistake of the Germans is imagining revolution as something that can be done overnight. In reality, revolution is a multi-year process of the development of the masses under accelerating conditions!” “A revolution is certainly the most authoritarian thing that exists; it is an act whereby one part of the population imposes its will upon the other by means of rifles, bayonets, and cannon-that is, by authoritarian means,”[24] …[25]

21 January 2026 16:38:55, Muğla.

N O T L A R

[*] Rojnameya Newroz, February 2026…

[1] Joseph Roux.

[2] Elon Musk, July 2020, Twitter

[3] Bkz: i) Temel Demirer, “Yeniden Paylaşım Kaosu=Emperyalist Savaş Tehdidi”, Kaldıraç Dergisi, No:251, June 2022… ii) Temel Demirer, “Emperyalist ABD ve Barış”, Görüş21, March 2023… https://temeldemirer.blogspot.com/2023/03/emperyalist-abd-ve-baris.html iii) Temel Demirer, “Sürdürülemezliğin Otopsisi: ‘Zırh İçindeki Ölü’…”, Leninist Teori, Kitap Dizi-2, 2021… iv) Temel Demirer, “Emperyalist Yerkürede Barış (Yalanı) ve Savaş (Gerçeği)”, Kaldıraç, No: 195, Oct. 2017… v) Temel Demirer, “Kapitalist Emperyalist İşgal(ler)”, Kaldıraç Dergisi, No:142, April 2013… vi) Temel Demirer, “Emperyalizm Çağında Barış Savaş Demektir, Savaş da Barış!”, Kaldıraç Dergisi, No: 221, Dec. 2019… vii) Temel Demirer, “Venezüella ve Emperyalizm Konusu”, Rojnameya Newroz, March 2019… https://temeldemirer.blogspot.com/2019/03/venezuella-ve-emperyalizm-konusu.html viii) Temel Demirer, “Ukrayna Sadece Ukrayna Değildir ya da “Büyük Fotoğraf”, Görüş21, April 2022… https://temeldemirer.blogspot.com/2022/04/ukrayna-sadece-ukrayna-degildir-ya-da.html ix) Sibel Özbudun-Temel Demirer, “Ukrayna Laboratuvarı: ‘Soğuk Savaş’ Sonrası, ‘Büyük Savaş’ Öncesi”, Rojnameya Newroz, March 2022… https://temeldemirer.blogspot.com/2022/03/ukrayna-laboratuvari-soguk-savas.html x) Temel Demirer, “Devrimci Gençliğin Anti-Emperyalist Mücadelesi: Tarihimiz ve Filistin”, Kaldıraç Dergisi, No:276, Temmuz 2024… xi) Sibel Özbudun-Temel Demirer, “ABD Emperyalizmi ve Venezüella 2019”, Rojnameya Newroz, January 2018… https://temeldemirer.blogspot.com/2019/01/abd-emperyalizmi-ve-venezuella-2019.html xii) Temel Demirer, “Barış (=Hayat) ile Savaş (=Ölüm) Hâli”, 2 Sept. 2016… https://temeldemirer.blogspot.com/2016/10/baris-hayat-ile-savas-olum-hali.html

[4] İbrahim Varlı, “Aşınan ABD Hegemonyası ve Emperyalizmin Yeni Yönelimleri”, 19 Oct. 2025, p.5.

[5] Vijay Prashad, “ABD’nin Namlusu Venezüella’nın Üzerinde”, Birgün Pazar, Year:15, No:620, 27 January 2019, p.4.

[6] Yusuf Tuna Koç- Mutlu Erol Kahya, “Tüm Latin Amerika’nın Bağımsızlık Savaşı”, Birgün Pazar, Year15, No:620, 27 Ocak 2019, p.3.

[7] Ergin Yıldızoğlu, “Muktedir Yapar, Zayıf Çaresiz Katlanır”, 12 January 2026… https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/yazarlar/ergin-yildizoglu/muktedir-yapar-zayif-caresiz-katlanir-2469148

[8] Yusuf Tuna Koç, “Korkut Boratav: Çürüyen Emperyalizmin Saldırganlığı”, Birgün Pazar, 23 Oct. 2025, p.13.

[9] “Capitalism is presented under a more appealing name as the ‘market economy.’ Imperialism is referred to as ‘globalization.’ The victims of imperialism are called ‘developing countries.’ Opportunism is translated into ‘pragmatism,’ and betrayal is described as ‘realism.” (Eduardo Galeano.)

[10] Rosa Luxemburg, Sermaye Birikimi, çev: Tayfun Ertan, Belge Yay., 2004.

[11] Ergin Yıldızoğlu, “2026’ya Girerken Dünya Ekonomisi”, 1 Dec. 2025… https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/yazarlar/ergin-yildizoglu/2026-ya-girerken-dunya-ekonomisi-2457311

[12] Ergin Yıldızoğlu, “2026’ya Girerken Militarizm ve Faşizm”, 4. Dec. 2025… https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/yazarlar/ergin-yildizoglu/2026-ya-girerken-militarizm-ve-fasizm-2458324

[13] Pablo Meriguet, “Askeri Müdahalelerin Karanlık Tarihi”, Birgün, 17 Oct. 2025, p.11.

[14] “Rare elements lie at the center of a largely unseen form of energy diplomacy. As the United States and the European Union form new partnerships in Africa and Latin America to secure their supply chains, China is expanding its investments in these regions. This has led to a new geopolitical power struggle often described as ‘mineral diplomacy.’ (Tolga Mırmırık, ‘The Strategic Story of Rare Elements,’ Birgün, 26 Oct. 2025, p.17.) Competition over valuable minerals and rare earth elements is intensifying. Trump, in rivalry with China, also signed an agreement with Australia and said, ‘Within a year, we will possess so many rare elements that you’ll be surprised.’”

[15] Continuing his moves to put pressure on China, Trump said that the United States wants to retake Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan, which it withdrew from in 2021. (“Afganistan’a Dönüş Planı”, Birgün, 20 Sept. 2025, p.11.)

[16] Ertan Erol, “Trump ve Latin Amerika: Monroe Doktrinine Dönüş mü?”, 9 Febr. 2025… https://www.evrensel.net/yazi/96380/trump-ve-latin-amerika-monroe-doktrinine-donus-mu

[17] Trump announced that he had removed Federal Reserve (Fed) Board member Lisa Cook from her position, claiming she had made false statements in mortgage contracts. In a letter he shared on social media, Trump argued that the Federal Reserve Act gives him the legal authority to dismiss her.Lisa Cook had previously said she did not plan to resign, despite earlier calls from FHFA Director Bill Pulte for her to step down. (“Trump Removes Fed Board Member Lisa Cook,” Yeni Yaşam, 26 August 2025, p. 4.)

[18] Ergin Yıldızoğlu, “Amerika’dan İthal Faşizm”, 7 August 2025… https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/yazarlar/ergin-yildizoglu/amerika-dan-ithal-fasizm-2424510

[19] V. İ. Lenin, Toplu Eserler,Vol.: 21.

[20] V. İ. Lenin, Halkın Devlet Yönetimine Katılımı Üzerine, çev: Metin Çulhaoğlu, Işık Yay., 1980, p.129.

[21] Karl Marx, Çin Üzerine, transl.: Mehmet Yurtcan, Günce Yay., 1977.

[22] John Steinbeck, Gazap Üzümleri, transl.: Ergün İlgin, Halk Yay., 1974

[23] David Kessler, Anlam Bulmak, transl.: Aycan Başoğlu, Sahi Kitap, s.23.

[24] Friedrich Engels, “Otorite Üzerine”… https://www.turkiyedireniyor.org/friedrich-engels-otorite-uzerine/

[25] The lines Che Guevara wrote in 1967 are still relevant today:

“Against Yankee imperialism, it is not enough to be ready only to defend ourselves. We must also attack it in the colonial and neo-colonial regions that support its global power. In those places, people and their leaders must be willing not just to defend themselves, but to fight back.”

“Our country, a single socialist stronghold facing Yankee imperialism, sends its soldiers to fight and die on foreign land, on a distant continent, and openly accepts responsibility for its actions. The heroic meaning of our participation in the struggle in the Congo lies in this clear and uncompromising stance against Yankee imperialism-the great issue of our time.”

“Victory teaches important lessons, but so does defeat-especially under extraordinary conditions. Those involved were foreigners risking their lives in an unknown land, speaking another language, united only by the bonds of proletarian internationalism. This marked the beginning of a new method in modern liberation wars.”

“The effort we have begun must not be wasted. The idea of an International Proletarian Army must not collapse at the first sign of failure.” (Ernesto Che Guevara, African Dream – Diary of the Revolutionary Struggle in the Congo, trans. Saliha Nazlı Kaya, Everest Publishing, 2001.)

He also said in his speech at the Afro-Asian Conference in Algeria:

“One clear conclusion must be drawn: socialist countries must support the development of nations that are just beginning their path to liberation. We say this with sincere conviction-not as propaganda or manipulation, and not as an easy way to gain the sympathy of Afro-Asian peoples.

Socialism cannot exist without a change in consciousness-both within socialist societies and globally-toward a new sense of brotherhood with all peoples suffering under imperialist oppression.

Support for dependent countries must be approached in this spirit. We should no longer talk about ‘mutually beneficial trade’ when prices are determined by unequal global economic relations based on the law of value and unequal exchange.

How can trade be called mutually beneficial when underdeveloped countries sell raw materials-produced through immense labor and suffering-at world market prices, and then buy expensive industrial machines at those same prices?

If such relations continue, socialist countries risk becoming indirect partners in imperialist exploitation. Even if trade with underdeveloped countries makes up only a small part of socialist countries’ foreign trade, this does not remove the moral problem.” (Che Guevara, Speech at the Afro-Asian Conference in Algeria, 24 Febr. 1965.)